Core Ledger
Bookkeeping and tax for Nigerian businesses

Growth here runs
on proof.

Every opportunity worth having asks you to evidence something first. Core Ledger keeps the books, works out VAT, PAYE, WHT, capital allowance and company tax as you go, and keeps the workings — so the evidence is already made by the time it is wanted.

Proof packAsked 09:14 · sent 09:14
Credit committee · request 4181
FinancialsTaxPayrollTrace
Balance sheet · 31 Dec 2025audited
Cash at bank₦4,712,000
Trade receivables₦9,148,000
Total assets₦33,830,000
Total liabilities & equity₦33,830,000
Difference₦0
3years filed
36VAT returns
36PAYE runs, locked
41WHT certificates
Every figure above opens to the transaction under it.no assembly
Where growth actually stalls

The thing standing in front of the next opportunity is usually paperwork.

Not capability, not demand, not the product. Somebody asks you to show them something, and the showing takes three weeks you didn't have.

01

A bank facility

Working capital, an overdraft, asset finance

02

A tender or corporate contract

Government, oil & gas, a listed buyer

03

An investor

Angel, VC, a strategic buyer

04

The decision to expand

A second location, ten more staff, a big machine

What each room asks for before anyone says yes.

Read down a column and you have that room's checklist. Read across a row and you find the same document being asked for again — which is the whole point.

● required   ○ sometimes
Bank
facility
Tender or
contract
Investor
diligence
Expansion
decision
Audited or reviewed accounts
required
required
required
sometimes
A balance sheet that balances
required
required
required
required
Tax clearance certificate
required
required
sometimes
sometimes
Filed VAT & PAYE returns, remitted
required
required
required
sometimes
Figures traceable to source
required
sometimes
required
required

Four different rooms. One set of paperwork.

Which is why the businesses that move fastest here are rarely the ones with the best product — they are the ones who can prove what they have already done.

How the evidence gets made

None of it is extra work. It falls out of the bookkeeping.

And most of the bookkeeping arrives on its own — off the bank account you already use, off the invoices you are already issued. Whatever lands in the ledger once is what all of this is then built from.

Ordinary bookkeeping
Posted once
What it produces, and who that unlocks
Bank feed — arrives on its ownEvery sale and expense, posted once
Profit & loss, balance sheet, cash flowThe bank, the auditor, the board
Invoices — arrive on their ownVAT split on each transaction as it lands
A monthly return that was never assembledFiling, and the credits you get to keep
Payroll, monthlyRun against the current bands
Remittance schedules with employee TINsTax clearance, and staff who never dispute a payslip
Asset purchasesClassified when you buy them
A capital allowance schedule that carries forwardRelief claimed in full, every year
Vendor paymentsWithholding tracked against its invoice
A credit register that ties to certificatesOffsetting company tax at year end
One entry, five obligationsNothing on the right-hand side is a separate job. It is the same posting, read five different ways.
How your books actually get built →
What you hand over

This is the proof, and this is what it looks like.

Two screens from inside Core Ledger. Not a dashboard designed to impress you — the actual documents a credit committee, a tax office or a due-diligence team will ask to see.

FY 2025Balanced
31 Dec 202531 Dec 2024
Assets
Non-current assets₦18,400,00014,900,000
Trade receivables₦9,250,0006,110,000
Made of — 3 open invoicesclick any figure
INV-2291 · Jumia · 42d₦4,120,000
INV-2304 · Dangote Cement · 18d₦3,480,000
INV-2311 · Shoprite · 6d₦1,650,000
Cash and bank₦6,180,0005,240,000
Total assets₦33,830,00026,250,000
Liabilities & equity
Trade payables₦7,420,0005,900,000
Tax and statutory payables₦1,910,0001,480,000
Share capital₦5,000,0005,000,000
Retained earnings₦19,500,00013,870,000
Total liabilities & equity₦33,830,00026,250,000
Assets − liabilities − equity₦0

The validation line is not decoration. Plenty of credit applications never get past it — the two totals disagree, and the file is closed before anyone forms a view about the business behind it.

Locked
Gross payroll₦4,708,000
PAYE withheld₦569,746
Pension + NHF₦494,340
Net pay₦3,643,914
EmployeeBand reachedGrossPAYENet pay
Emeka Nwosu21%1,420,000224,3891,046,511
Chidinma Eze18%640,00085,604487,196
Ibrahim Musa18%310,00032,441245,009
Aisha Bello0%58,000051,910
Aisha sits under the ₦800,000 threshold, so her PAYE is nil — the run works that out, you don't.locked 30 Jun 2026 09:41 · a.okafor · rev 4 · ref 7f3c9e

A locked run keeps its own workings, so any month of any year can be reopened and justified — including by whoever inherits the job.

Worth checking today

If you turn over under ₦100m, your company tax rate may now be nothing.

On 1 January 2026 the middle tier disappeared. A business that paid 20% at ₦60m of turnover pays 0% now, provided fixed assets stay under ₦250m — and pays no Development Levy either. A great many owners have not been told.

Put your own two numbers in.

The test has two limbs, so it is a box, not a line. Nothing is sent anywhere — this runs in your browser.

Small company
0% · no levy
Standard
30% + 4% levy
Where you sitInside the small-company box
₦60,000,000
₦18,000,000
₦12,000,000
What's left after cost of sales, allowable expenses and capital allowance
Until 31 Dec 202520%
Company tax₦2,400,000
Levies on profit₦510,600
Total₦2,910,600
From 1 Jan 20260%
Company tax₦0
Development levy₦0
Total₦0
₦2,910,600 stays in the business this year, on the same profit.

One exception worth knowing. The Act carves professional-services companies out of small-company status, and there is no settled guidance yet on how widely that reaches. If you are a consultancy, a law or accounting firm, or similar, treat the 0% outcome above as a question for your adviser rather than an answer.

Computed
Fiscal year2026
Assessment year2027
Basis period1 Jan – 31 Dec 2026
Statutory adjustment of accounting profit
Gross income (revenue)₦60,000,000
Less: cost of sales(₦33,400,000)
Less: deductible expenses(₦16,800,000)
Add: depreciation add-back₦2,200,000
Profits before capital allowance₦12,000,000
Application of CA against assessable profit
CA relief utilised(₦3,000,000)
CA remaining (c/f)Carried into 2027 automatically₦9,000,000
Assessable profit₦9,000,000
Application of CIT band rate
Effective rate on assessable profitband: small company
0% — you are here30% standard
Company income taxTurnover ≤ ₦100m and fixed assets ≤ ₦250m₦0
Development levyNot charged on a small company₦0
Total tax payable₦0

The same conclusion, reached inside the app from posted transactions rather than from sliders — with the band, the reason for it and the carry-forward all on the page.

Everything else that changed in 2026 →
The conditions attached

A nil rate is a position you hold, not a status you are given.

Small-company treatment is claimed each year, against limits that a strong year — or a single round of equipment purchases — can carry you past without any announcement. Everything else about running the company continues exactly as it did.

The claim rests on two figures only your books produce.

Turnover, year to date₦84.2m / 100m
headroom ₦15.8m — about seven weeks of current trade
Fixed assets at cost, held₦196.0m / 250m
headroom ₦54.0m — one delivery fleet

Turnover at or under ₦100m for the year. Fixed assets at cost at or under ₦250m, measured on what you still hold at the year end. Neither number arrives from anywhere but your own records, and a position taken on a return is a position that can be asked about.

Paying nothing and being able to show why you owe nothing are two different things. Only one of them survives a question.

One switch went off. Four did not.

A nil rate is not a nil year.

Company income tax0% this year · ₦0 payable
Still filedA nil assessment is still an assessment. You file a return, and it has to be built on figures somebody can follow.
Still deductedPAYE for every employee, month after month, against bands that changed this year. Your company rate has no bearing on theirs.
Still chargedVAT on what you sell, if you are registered, split from the input tax you can recover on what you buy.
Still withheldTax deducted from what you pay vendors, at the rate their trade attracts, remitted and evidenced.

There is no gentle slope at ₦100m.

Tax payable against turnover, on a business converting a fifth of turnover into assessable profit. Nothing tapers — the rate goes from nil to 30%, and the Development Levy switches on at the same moment. The faint line is the taper people assume exists.

₦100m line+₦6,868,000
in one step
0% — nothing payablethe taper nobody gets
At ₦99m turnover₦0
At ₦101m turnover₦6,868,000
The difference₦2m more trade, ₦6,868,000 more tax. Worth knowing which side of the line you are on before December, not after.

The second limb catches businesses that are not growing at all.

Turnover is the test everyone hears about. Fixed assets at cost is the other one, and it does not need a good year to trip — a run of equipment purchases can carry a modest business past ₦250m while revenue sits exactly where it was. Assets are cumulative. Nothing about last year's spending drops off.

A low tax bill has never persuaded a lender.

The companies sitting under the threshold are often the ones with the most to gain from a facility, a tender, or a first outside investor. None of that turns on what you owe. It turns on what you can put in front of someone on the afternoon they ask for it.

If you do pay 30%

Then every relief you don't claim is a real transfer out of the business.

Capital allowance is the largest deduction most Nigerian companies are entitled to, and the one most often left partly on the table — because claiming it in full means tracking every asset, every year, without losing the thread.

What an asset actually relieves — and what shape the relief takes.

Assuming you pay the 30% rate. A small company at 0% gets no benefit from allowances at all.

₦10,000,000
Original cost of the asset, as recorded
What kind of asset
NTA 2025 — flatRepealed CITA shape — spike, then tail
₦2m
Yr 1
₦2m
Yr 2
₦2m
Yr 3
₦2m
Yr 4
₦2m
Yr 5
—
Yr 6
Off taxable profit, each year₦2,000,00020% of cost, straight line, for 5 years
Tax you never pay, in total₦3,000,000Across the life of the claim, at 30%

If your own schedule spikes in year one, check it. The old regime gave an initial allowance up front and settled up with a balancing charge on disposal. Both were repealed. A schedule still built that way overstates year one and understates every year after it.

What's inside

Six modules, and what each one is ultimately for.

Rung one is the mechanism. Rung two is what it gets you. The shaded rung is the reason it matters at all.

01Double-entry bookkeeping
Both sides of every transaction posted the moment you record it.Books that add up without anyone going back to make them add up.

An auditor signs off faster, and charges you less to do it.

02VAT
Output and input tax separated per transaction; taxable, zero-rated and exempt kept apart.The return exists before you go looking for it.

Credits on eligible purchases stay yours instead of being left on the table.

03PAYE
Pension, NHF, NHIS and rent relief per employee, then the current bands on what remains.A run anyone can reopen and explain, months later.

Remittance evidence is standing by when you apply for the clearance a contract depends on.

04WHT
Certificates tied to the invoices that generated them, at the scheduled rate.A credit register instead of a folder somebody has to search.

Tax already paid on your behalf comes off the bill, rather than quietly lapsing.

05Capital allowance
Assets sorted into their statutory class, relieved at the Act's flat rate, carried forward.A schedule that survives the person who started it.

Relief you are entitled to gets claimed in full, in every year you own the asset.

06Company income tax
Book profit adjusted to tax profit, allowances applied, band and levy resolved by period.A figure with its own workings attached.

Nobody has to take your word for the number — including you.

Who it's for

Built differently for the two people who actually use it.

For business owners

Keep real books without having to become an accountant.

The tax lands the moment you record a sale, an expense or a new asset, so the number is never something you find out about later.

What you type14:06
Sold 12 crates to Jumia — order 2291+₦85,000
What the ledger posts
DRBank₦85,000
CRSales revenue₦79,070
CRVAT payable — set aside₦5,930
Balanced · no debits and credits typed
Describe what happened in ordinary language, not in debits and creditsSee the position while there is still time to act on itGive your accountant figures that already agree with each other

You get to say yes to the opportunity in the week it arrives.

For accountants & consultants

Carry more clients without carrying more risk.

Each figure opens back to the transactions underneath it and the rule that produced it, so review is reading rather than reconstruction.

Client books · 11one dashboard
Adeyemi Foods LtdVAT due 21 JulReady
Tunde LogisticsCIT draft 2026In review
Lekki Medical Supplies3 WHT certs unmatchedAction
+8 more · nothing overdueopen all →
Move between client books without moving between toolsPrior years stay computed on the rules that applied to themAllowance pools and disposals handled to the letter of the Schedule

You answer the awkward question in the meeting, not the week after it.

What it's worth

Two businesses, and what each one gets back.

The answer forks at ₦100m of turnover, so here are both sides of it. The bars are drawn to one shared scale, so the two columns can be compared with your eyes rather than your arithmetic.

Turnover under ₦100mYour company tax rate may already be nothing.
010203
shared scale — full width is ₦4,050,000
01₦2,400,000Company income tax, now nil
₦12m assessable profit — 20% under the old middle tier, 0% under the new small-company rateWhich is a delivery vehicle, bought outright
02₦510,600Profit levies, now nil
Education, IT, NASENI and Police levies came to 4.255% of assessable profit; small companies pay no Development LevyWhich is a year of diesel for a mid-size operation
03₦690,000Input VAT recovered in full
₦9.2m of eligible purchases, at 7.5%, tagged as they were posted rather than reconstructed at year endWhich is two months of a small payroll
₦3,600,600back in the business, this year
Turnover over ₦100mYou pay 30% — so every relief you skip is real money.
010203
shared scale — full width is ₦4,050,000
01₦900,000Capital allowance claimed in full
₦15m of Class 2 assets, relieved at 20% straight-line — ₦3m off taxable profit, at 30%Which is a junior accountant, for a year
02₦2,000,000Withholding credits that stop expiring
₦10m withheld on your behalf across the year; a fifth of certificates typically never make it to the offsetWhich is the deposit on a second location
03₦1,150,000Finance hours pointed somewhere useful
Two days a month of senior finance time, costed at ₦3,000/hourWhich is the management reporting nobody currently has time to build
₦4,050,000back in the business, this year

Modelled, not measured. We are onboarding our first businesses now, so these are worked examples on stated assumptions rather than outcomes collected from customers. When we have the second kind, we will publish those instead.

Free tools · no signup · nothing leaves your browser

Work the whole computation yourself, before you trust us with it.

Not a single sum in a box. Each one holds a real register — every asset, employee or invoice you enter — and shows its working line by line, on the same computation that runs inside Core Ledger.

Asset register

Capital Allowance Calculator

Your whole asset register, pooled by classification and scheduled year by year — with disposals, chargeable gains, and the repealed CITA mechanic for a pre-2026 period.

Try it
Payroll run

PAYE Calculator

A full monthly run — every employee on their own reliefs, band by band, with the pre-run checks and the remittance split by state.

Try it
Period return

VAT Calculator

A full return for the period — output against input, with zero-rated and exempt kept properly apart and the filing date attached.

Try it
Both sides

WHT Calculator

Both sides at once — what you must remit by the 21st, and what you can only claim once the credit note arrives.

Try it

These formulas are public law. Anyone can work them by hand, and it is worth doing once so you know what the software is claiming. Capital allowance and PAYE will also run a pre-2026 period on the repealed rules, which is the part a spreadsheet built last year cannot do. What Core Ledger adds is doing all of it on every transaction, in every period, against books that already agree with the answer.

From the blog

Enterprise accounting and statutory taxation, from the source.

Reference guides on the Nigeria Tax Act 2025 and the accounting fundamentals underneath it — every figure checked against the same source material Core Ledger runs on.

Read the blog →
Tax & Compliance
two schedules

Capital Allowances and Depreciation, Explained

Two schedules, two questions, and one sale that produces two different numbers. Only one of them ever reaches your ledger.

Tax & Compliance
one figure, once

Do You Need a Capital Allowance Opening Balance?

Only if you're carrying forward assets that already had relief claimed against them. Here's how to tell, and where the figure goes.

Getting Started
dr = cr

Double-Entry Bookkeeping, Explained Without the Jargon

Debit doesn't mean money in. Credit doesn't mean money out. Once that's settled, the rest is straightforward.

Two plans, priced in naira.One covers the books and VAT. The other adds the full statutory stack — PAYE, withholding tax, capital allowance and company income tax. No card stored, no auto-renewal.
See plans & pricing →

Be ready before you are asked.

The opportunities worth having rarely wait three weeks for your paperwork.

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