A full schedule, both sides at once — what you withheld from suppliers and must remit by the 21st, and what customers withheld from you, which is worth nothing without a credit note. The same computation that runs inside Core Ledger.
Nothing on the schedule yet. Add the invoices you paid and were paid, or load the worked example, and both sides build themselves.
Both sides — what you withheld, and what was withheld from you.
Add what you withheld from suppliers and what customers withheld from you. The position, the credit notes and the remittance all build themselves. Nothing leaves your browser.
Core Ledger builds it from what you already post, and — more to the point — remembers what you are still owed long after the invoice has been forgotten.
WHT is not a separate tax. It is income tax, collected early, by whoever is paying you. When a customer pays your ₦10,000,000 invoice less 5%, they have not charged you anything — they have paid ₦500,000 of your income tax on your behalf and given you₦9,500,000. When you pay a supplier less 5%, you are doing the same to them, and the₦500,000 in your hand belongs to the government.
That is why the two sides never offset. What you withheld is remitted in full by the 21st of the following month, with a schedule naming each counterparty. What was withheld from you is claimed separately, against your own income tax, when you file — and only if you hold the credit note. WHT suffered without one is tax you genuinely paid and cannot prove, and it is among the easiest money a growing business loses.
Two mechanical points. The rate applies to the VAT-exclusive value, so an invoice that includes VAT has to be stripped before the rate is applied — deduct from the gross and you have short-paid your supplier. And residency changes the rate: resident construction is withheld at 2.5%, non-resident at 5%, for the same work.
Read the full Nigeria Tax Act 2025 guide →General information, not tax advice. Edge cases — exempt supplies, non-resident treatment, the professional-services carve-out from small-company status — turn on facts a calculator cannot see.
